Introduction to NGO’s
NGO is a private and non-governmental organization. NGOs are especially active in developing
countries. Their objective is to work for the welfare of the people of the society like safety of
women, promoting education to poor children, housing for widowed women and Promoting
environment etc. NGOs are active in social, cultural, environmental, educational, health, human
rights and other fields. The main objective of an NGO is the welfare of the society. What kind of
organization is this, which any person can run. If any person wants to do welfare of the society
without the help of the government then he can run a cow. This is an institution in which the
government cannot interfere in any of its matters. If we talk about the present time, there are
currently about 30 lakh NGOs in India. In general it follows the principle of non-profit. It is
through NGOs that CSR funds i.e. Corporate Social Responsibility funds of many big corporate
companies reach the poor and needy. Mainly there are two types of formation of NGO, first is
state level NGO and second is national NGO. To register a state level NGO, it is mandatory to
have at least two persons from the same state. And to register National Go you need at least
seven people from different states. This NGO is registered under the Central Societies Act.
Historical Evolution of NGO’s
NGO Non-governmental organizations started from ancient times. Rotary, one of the most
important NGOs, was established in 1905. It is also estimated that by 1914, 1083 NGOs had
been established. In 1860, the Societies Registration Act (SRA) was introduced to register
non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The approval was given to confirm the legal status of
the growing body.
India’s first NGO was established in 1917 by Gaganendra Nath Tagore, whose main objective
was to help weavers and artists. Globalization increased the importance of NGOs during the
20th century. NGOs were very important in the anti-slavery movement and the women’s suffrage
movement and reached a peak during the World Disarmament Conference.
NGO was first defined in ECOSOC resolution 288(X) on 27 February 1950, defining it as “any
international organization not established by an international treaty”. Some have argued that
NGOs have evolved to focus on development aid, humanitarian issues, and sustainable
development, a prime example being the World Social Forum, a sequel to the World Economic
Forum held annually in January in Davos, Switzerland. Has rival conference. Representatives of
more than 1000 NGOs attended the fifth World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil in 2005.
Role of NGO’s in Indian society
NGOs work for the welfare of the society on a large scale and the people associated with NGOs
identify the problems of the society and try to solve them by performing the following tasks like
Service Delivery
In all those areas where government infrastructure is lacking, NGOs mainly benefit the people
by providing facilities. Some NGOs provide facilities to the people and help the marginalized
and backward classes economically and socially
Health System
Many non-organized institutions organize their health and medical camps mainly in rural areas
and make people aware about health. Their job is to reach health related services to rural and
backward classes.
Education system
Many NGOs establish schools and provide scholarships to children who are deprived of
education due to being economically weak.
Women Empowerment
NGOs run many programs aimed at promoting gender equality through education, health and law to empower women. It is also their job to run awareness campaigns for women in the society.
Disaster Relief
During disasters, NGOs also do the work of providing relief and rehabilitation assistance to communities affected by natural disasters. Their job is to provide help to the helpless people battling the disaster and to provide them relief materials.
Environmental Protection
Many NGOs conduct awareness campaigns in rural and urban areas to protect the environment and are basically ready to protect the natural resources of India, the main objective of which is to protect the environment and control the increasing pollution in them. Non-governmental organizations work at the grassroots level to know about all these issues and also run awareness campaigns. In today’s time, NGOs are also taking the help of social media to promote awareness and make people aware.
Problems Faced by NGOs in India:
Lack of Funds
Non-governmental organizations face great difficulties due to lack of funds. They are largely dependent on domestic and international donations. According to a report between 2014 and 2017, there was a 30% increase in the funding of NGOs. There has been a percentage decline due to which NGO’s have suffered losses on a large scale.
Lack of strategic planning
For many NGOs, it will be difficult to develop a strategy due to the instability of the situation they are living in, but this will expose them to the challenge of poor planning and the difficulty in measuring their impact over time.
Lack of development
Many NGOs mainly want to reach rural areas and increase their development and their infrastructure, but due to lack of development, they are unable to reach those people.
Regulatory Compliance
Compliance with government regulations and reporting requirements can be burdensome for NGOs, especially in areas with strict oversight.
Lack of strategic planning
For many NGOs, it will be difficult to develop a strategy due to the instability of the situation they are living in, but this will expose them to the challenge of poor planning and the difficulty in measuring their impact over time.
Corrupt Politics
The operations of NGOs are always hampered by corrupt politicians. According to a report by the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, the Indian government suspended 13,000 NGOs between 2014 and 2018, according to the violations of the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA).
Types of NGO in India
Social Welfare NGO’s
These organizations work for the improvement and progress of the society. Their main objective is to bring equality and improvement in the society and to make people aware through their programs. They understand the needs of the elderly, women and children of the society and try to fulfill their needs and provide them economic, social and educational facilities. They help the poor and helpless through their various services. Most of the financial support for these organizations comes from volunteers, donors, and government grants.
Environmental NGO’s
They mainly work to preserve the environment. They run awareness campaigns to make people aware about environmental issues like deforestation, increasing pollution in the environment, wildlife conservation, water conservation, climate change, etc. The main objective of organizations is to transform people into environment. It aims to increase awareness about environmental protection and protect the environment. It tells people about environmental policies and programs related to them so that people can actively participate in them. Their purpose is to work as social, economic, and credible institutions. Organizations are active members of civil society in a democracy who try to influence government decisions and are helpful in the modification of policies. These organizations have an important contribution in coordination and empowerment with the community members, which proves helpful in solving environmental problems.
Human Rights NGO’s
These are those organizations which work for the protection and protection of human rights. Their main objective is to help and provide support to the community and oppressed people while battling adverse circumstances. They always make people aware to promote goodwill and equality in the human society. Child labor, freedom of thought, Casteism, Gender equality etc. all these Human rights organizations work in the areas and make people aware. They fight against human rights violations, help the helpless and promote justice in society.
Development NGO’s
These are those organizations which work for the development of the society. They work in the development of various areas such as water resources, health related development, rural area development, women empowerment etc. The work of this organization is mostly done in collaboration with the local communities so that they can use the local resources effectively and solve the problems of the people. Their main objective is to reduce poverty and development in the society so that the people of the society can get maximum facilities.
Health NGO’s
This organization exists to increase health services in the society and to bring health related awareness. Solution to public health related problems People strive in the society for availability of health services. Their main objective is to control health related infections and to provide information about health services to the society and to make people aware about health related problems. Health NGOs work in various fields, such as community health, hygiene, maternal and child health, AIDS control, science and technological research, and de-addiction.
Disaster Relief NGO’s
These are those organizations which provide responsible services during natural disasters. Their main objective is to provide relief to the people affected by disasters by providing help to the affected areas as quickly as possible. They fulfill the needs of fertilizer, water, house, health care etc. during disaster. Their job is to provide relief to the people affected by disasters like floods, earthquakes, landslides, volcanoes etc.
Animal Welfare NGO’s
The main objective of these organizations is to work for the conservation and protection of animals. These organizations are non-governmental organizations engaged in the welfare, conservation, and welfare of animals. Their main work is to improve the lives of animals, protect their lives and make people aware. The programs of these organizations include veterinary services, hospitals, refuge services, campaigns, hunting bans, conservation of cattle and other animals, and fighting for animal rights.
Educational NGO’s
Mainly this organization works to promote education in the society. Its main objective is to make people aware about education, to educate more and more people, to fill the lack of education in rural areas and economically weaker sections. To promote education, they create educational institutions like schools, coaching etc. in the society and also provide scholarships to particular communities. They go among the people in rural areas and run awareness campaigns about education so that people become more aware.
Cultural NGO’s
Cultural NGO’s play a vital role in preserving, promoting, and advancing various aspects of culture. They work for the development and preservation of India’s Culture. To preserve the cultural heritage, they work in the fields of dance, literature, film, music, kathak, etc. This organization completes its missions with the help of the government and individual donations. Their main work is to make people aware of their cultural structure and to run campaigns to make them aware about it.
Conclusion
NGOs play a huge role in carrying out various social, educational and health related works.
Despite facing many problems, NGOs are always ready to work for India and the welfare of the
people of India. They have an important role in bringing goodwill and equality in the society. For
the welfare and development of the society, they run awareness campaigns in rural areas and
urban areas through which people get information related to health, human rights, environment
and disaster related. In India, NGO gives a stronger structure to the flexibility of the sector,
hence NGO plays a very important role for India.